PyQt5学习4-布局管理

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PyQt5中可以使用绝对定位和layout类来管理窗口中各个元素的大小和位置，常用的layout类，主要包含以下三种布局形式。

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QHBoxLayout
QVBoxLayout
QGridLayout

QHBoxLayout

水平布局(horizontal)

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#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QMessageBox, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout
class ex(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.names = ['About','Information','Question','Warning','Critical']
        for name in self.names:
            btn = QPushButton(name)
            layout.addWidget(btn)
            btn.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
        self.setWindowTitle('MessageBox Button')
        self.show()
    def buttonClicked(self):
        text = self.sender().text()
        if text == self.names[0]:
            QMessageBox.about(self,'About', 'about this code')
        elif text == self.names[1]:
            QMessageBox.information(self,'Information', 'some information about this code')
        elif text == self.names[2]:
            QMessageBox.question(self,'Question', 'Is this helpful?')
        elif text == self.names[3]:
            QMessageBox.warning(self,'Warning', 'This is a warning!')
        elif text == self.names[4]:
            QMessageBox.critical(self,'Critical', 'This is an error!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    e = ex()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

该程序产生一个水平布局，结果如下

QHBoxLayout

QVBoxLayout

垂直布局(vertical)与水平布局类似，只需要把 QHBoxLayout 换成 QVBoxLayout。

QGridLayout

栅格布局(grid)将窗口划分为网格，可以在指定网格区间插入部件。

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#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QMessageBox, QPushButton, QGridLayout
class ex(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
    def initUI(self):
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)
        for i in range(1,10):
            for j in range(1,10):
                btn_s = str(i)+'*'+str(j)
                btn = QPushButton(btn_s)
                layout.addWidget(btn,i,j)
                btn.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
        self.setWindowTitle('MessageBox Button')
        self.show()
    def buttonClicked(self):
        text = self.sender().text()
        QMessageBox.information(self,'Results',str(eval(text)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    e = ex()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

该程序产生一个乘法表网格，结果如下

QGridLayout